Desulfuromonas acetexigens is capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET) and can generate high peak current densities >9 A/m2 in a very short period (~20 h after inoculation) under potential induced growth (–0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and acetate as the electron donor. Despite its high electrochemical activity in microbial electrochemical systems, the proteome and EET mechanisms of D. acetexigens are still unknown. Here, the proteome of D. acetexigens was characterized and a stimulus-induced comparative analysis was performed to elucidate its putative EET mechanism. Proteome analysis indicates that D. acetexigens is a versatile bacterium with a high diversity of accessory genes that allow it to adapt to diverse environments.