Stress resilience is a dynamic process whereby an individual can withstand stressful events while still maintaining normal, physiological functioning. Resilience is inferred from an observed level of cognitive performance higher than expected in the face of a demonstrated stressful event. The neural rewiring that leads to stress resilience resides in structural and functional synaptic plasticity. The importance of studying stress resilience has become more evident in the last years, considering the frequency and variety of stressors that humans have to cope with and the attendant stress-related disorders, and especially now more than ever due to the COVID-19 worldwide crisis. The molecular basis for stress resilience and the factors that modulate it are important research areas in neuropsychiatry and contemporary neuroscience.