Plant virus triggers numerous responses in its insect vectors. Using the iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Early responses of the insect vector small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, SBPH) after acquiring Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) at 3 days and 5 days post first access to disease plants (padp), respectively, were revealed. A total of 582 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in SBPH with a fold change > 1.500 or <0.667 (p-value<0.05) were identified. The proteomic analysis in SBPH at 3 days padp revealed 106 high abundant proteins and 193 low abundant proteins, while 5 days padp revealed 214 high abundant proteins and 182 low abundant proteins. Among them, 51 high abundant proteins and 42 low abundant proteins were consistently differentially abundant at both 3 days and 5 days padp.