The objective of the present work was to identify new renal proteins responsible for Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and of the Urinary Tract (CAKUT pathophysiology). We conducted a comparative LC-MS/MS-based proteomics analysis of amniotic fluids (AF) collected from non-severe CAKUT (ns-CAKUT; n=19), severe CAKUT (s-CAKUT; n=14), and healthy controls (cont; n=22) fetuses. We identified a total of 224 gestational age independent proteins that were significantly different in abundance when comparing (one-way ANOVA corrected p<0.05) the 3 groups of amniotic fluids 2 by 2. We identified 8 gestational-age independent proteins that were in common when comparing the 3 groups two by two, and that were considered as associated to both CAKUT onset and CAKUT severity.