Skin aging is a physiological problem that remains a concern. Studies have demonstrated that the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) plays important roles in skin aging; however, changes in ECM characteristics and molecules that are secreted to the extracellular space and involved in the formation of dermal matrix from birth to aging remain unclear. Furthermore, it is not understood how the ECM microenvironment supports the functions of skin development across different age groups. We used a decellularization method and matrisome analysis to compare the composition, expression, and function of the dermal ECM in neonate, teenage, adult, and elderly skin. We found that the collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and regulatory factors that support skin development and function together with these core ECM proteins were differentially expressed at different ages. We also identified ECM expression markers during the process of skin development. Our results systematically revealed the characteristics of ECM synthesis, response to growth factors, water conservation, anti-oxidation, and the ability of the ECM to support epidermal stem cell growth via the basement membrane in young skin, as well as the characteristics of response to wound repair and fungal invasion in aging skin.