Gametocytes are obligate for the transmission of malaria parasite to mosquito. This study reports the first comprehensive proteomes of accurately separated mature male and female Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes using a transgenic line. the proteomes revealed significant differences that are consistent with the divergent functions of the two sexes. While the male proteome is enriched in proteins associated with flagella and genome replication, the female proteome is more abundant in proteins involved in metabolism, translation and organellar functions.