To investigate the possibility of using modern mass spectrometric methods for forecasting, early diagnosis of the causes of respiratory diseases, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of newborns with very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Results: Based on the analysis of literature data and the results of their own research into the application of modern mass spectrometric methods for early diagnosis of the causes of respiratory disease in preterm infants developed the design of the proteomic analysis of urine of infants revealed characteristic differences of proteome urine of newborn children with respiratory disorders of various origins