The iTRAQ-LC–MS/MS strategy was used for quantitative analysis to reveal the global response of P. aeruginosa SJTD-1 to the stimuli of C18 alkane in this study. As a result, 476 proteins were identified with a significant different expression levels for the growth on n-octadecane, accounting for 8.4% of the 5618 predicted or hypothetical proteins encoded by the strain SJTD-1 genome. These differently expressed proteins were believed to play an important role in multiple biochemical pathways.