The DARTS assay was constructed following a previous study 44. In brief, S. aureus SA113 culture in the logarithmic growth phase was collected and washed three times with cold PBS. The cell pellets were then suspended in RIPA lysis buffer containing 1% Triton X-100, 1% deoxycholate, and 0.1% SDS, along with cOmplete protease inhibitor cocktail. The suspension underwent three rounds of homogenization with glass beads (0.1 mm in diameter) before being centrifuged at 12,000 g for 20 minutes at 4°C. The supernatants were collected to determine the protein concentrations using the BCA kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China). Pronase (catalog No. 10165921001, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was added to the cell lysate at a mass ratio of 1:200, and the mixture was digested at room temperature for 30 minutes after pre-treatment with DMSO or 100 μM Baohuoside I at 4°C for 30 minutes. The digestion was stopped by adding the loading buffer, and the sample was then denatured for 5 minutes at 90°C. Subsequently, mass spectrometry analysis was employed to identify the differential proteins. A 2-fold cut-off value with a p-value less than 0.05 was applied to determine the candidate target proteins.