Time-restricted eating is emerging as a promising dietary intervention that prevents cardiometabolic disease; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. It is generally thought that time-restricted feeding-as it is known in animal studies-reprograms circadian rhythms in peripheral organs including skeletal muscle. Recent studies reported that peripheral organs entrain to time-restricted feeding in a highly diverse tissue-specific manner, which is indicated by the kinetics of the circadian clock in peripheral organs, transcriptome and metabolome. A discrepancy is found in the circadian coherence between rhythmic transcripts and rhythmic metabolites, suggesting the presence of additional regulation at the proteome level. To explore the landscape of rhythmic proteins in skeletal muscle from time-restricted fed mice, we sampled 50 mouse tibialis anterior muscle tissues from 11-week-old C57BL/6J female mice. These mice had been fed day time-restricted feeding for 3 weeks, during which food was accessible between Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0 h and ZT 12 h. Samples were dissected and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen every two hours starting from ZT0 of the first day to ZT0 of the third day. This sampling scheme covers two complete day/night cycles and has two biological replicates per time point for a total of 25 time points. Next, we performed mass spectrometry-based parallel accumulation–serial fragmentation combined with data-independent acquisition (diaPASEF) quantitative proteomics to analyze these mouse skeletal muscle tissues. Together, we have generated a dataset that provide insights into circadian rhythms of skeletal muscle under the regulation of time-restricted feeding in mice.