PXD038664

PXD038664 is an original dataset announced via ProteomeXchange.

Title	Gendering Prehistory Through Science. Women and Early Social Complexity in Copper Age Iberia.
Description	Given the absence of written records, the main source of information available to analyze gender inequalities in early complex societies is the human body itself. And yet, for decades, archaeologists have struggled with the identification of the sex of poorly preserved human remains. Here we present an exceptional case study that shows how ground-breaking new scientific methods may address this problem. Through the analysis of sexually dimorphic amelogenin peptides in tooth enamel by nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we establish that the most socially prominent person of the Iberian Copper Age (c. 3200-2300 cal BC) was not male, as previously thought, but female. The meticulous anthropological, contextual and comparative analysis of this woman, discovered in 2008 at Valencina, Spain, reveals that she was a leading social figure at a time where no male attained a remotely comparable social position. Only other women, buried a short time after in the Montelirio tholos, part of the same burial area, appear to have enjoyed a similarly high social position. Our results invite to reconsider established interpretations about the political role of women at the onset of early social complexity, while at the same time questions traditionally-held views of the past and naïve assumptions concerning the determination of sex and gender through grave goods alone. Furthermore, this study anticipates the profound changes that newly-developed scientific methods may bring to prehistoric archaeology and the study of human social evolution.
HostingRepository	PRIDE
AnnounceDate	2023-07-06
AnnouncementXML	Submission_2023-07-06_05:53:12.596.xml
DigitalObjectIdentifier	https://dx.doi.org/10.6019/PXD038664
ReviewLevel	Peer-reviewed dataset
DatasetOrigin	Original dataset
RepositorySupport	Supported dataset by repository
PrimarySubmitter	ChristopherGerner
SpeciesList	scientific name: Homo sapiens (Human); NCBI TaxID: 9606;
ModificationList	acetylated residue; deamidated residue; iodoacetamide derivatized residue
Instrument	Q Exactive

Revision	Datetime	Status	ChangeLog Entry
0	2022-12-07 12:23:55	ID requested
⏵ 1	2023-07-06 05:53:12	announced

10.6019/PXD038664;

submitter keyword: Copper age, Iberia,Gender archaeology, enamel peptides, LC-MS/MS

ChristopherGerner
contact affiliation	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
contact email	christopher.gerner@univie.ac.at
lab head
ChristopherGerner
contact affiliation	University of Vienna
contact email	christopher.gerner@univie.ac.at
dataset submitter

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PRIDE project URI

• PRIDE
  1. PXD038664
     1. Label: PRIDE project
     2. Name: Gendering Prehistory Through Science. Women and Early Social Complexity in Copper Age Iberia.