Purpose: This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers related to HIV latency on the cell surface. Experimental design: A subcellular proteomic study was performed, using an HIV-1 latency cell line (U1 (HIV-1-integrated U937 cell line)) and control (U937). Plasma membrane proteins were enriched, digested, labeled using an iTRAQ kit, and identified by LC-MS. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using bioinformatics technology, followed by western blot validation in cell lines and resting CD4+ T cells from patients. Results: Totally, 110 differentially expressed proteins were identified in U1 compared with U937. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the immune response and phagosomes were associated with the altered proteins, and HIV proteins such as Vpr were involved in the regulation of these differential proteins. Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP2), complement decay-accelerating factor, integrin alpha-6, and leukocyte surface antigen CD47 were shown to be downregulated in HIV-1 latent cell lines. Of these, LAMP2 was also shown to be downregulated in enriched resting CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients compared with those from healthy volunteers. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Our results indicate that HIV might decrease immunity proteins such as LAMP2 and CD47 to avoid immune recognition. LAMP2 may be a potential biomarker for HIV-1 latency.