Update publication information. Combustible cigarettes produce many toxic substances that have been linked to diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can be used as an alternative to cigarettes for smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit. However, the effects and mechanisms of e-cigarette aerosol (ECA) on respiratory function have not been fully elucidated, and in vivo studies of its safety are limited compared to cigarette smoke (CS). In this article, we chose nicotine levels as the dose reference and selected C57BL/6 mice for a 10-week subchronic inhalation toxicity study. A comprehensive set of toxicological endpoints was used to study the effects of exposure. Thus, additional evidence is provided for the relative safety of e-cigarettes.