Updated project metadata. All mouse experiments were approved by The University of Melbourne Animal Ethics Committee (AEC ID1914940) and conformed to the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia guidelines regarding the care and use of experimental animals. C57BL/6J mice (JAX 000664) were obtained from Animal Resource Centre (WA, Australia). Mice were housed at 22°C (+/-1°C) in groups of five/cage and maintained on a Standard Chow diet (Specialty Feeds, Australia) with a 12-hour light/dark cycle and ad libitum access to food and water. For intramuscular injections of rAAV6, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (4% in oxygen at 1L/min) and then transferred to a dissecting microscope stage with heat pad and isoflurane inhalation nose piece (2% in oxygen at 1 L/min). Unconsciousness was assessed via the lack of leg and optical reflexes for at least one minute to ensure head position does not affect normal breathing. Mice received subcutaneous analgesic injection of meloxicam between the shoulder blades (5mg/kg) and the surface of the hindlimbs were sterilized with 80% ethanol. The TA/EDL muscles were injected with 2 x 10^10 vector genomes / 30 µl of rAAV6 harbouring either a scramble shRNA or an shRNA targeting UFC1 using a 32G needle. Mice were returned to cages and body weights monitored daily for the first 3 days and then weekly.