Updated project metadata. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive comparative proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of exosomes in amniotic fluid supernatant and cells in amniotic fluid precipitation of severe fetal hydronephrosis patients to identify candidate biomarkers with diagnostic potential. As the investigation of mechanisms underlying those predicted target genes remain scarce, our studies also provide valuable indications for further researches exploring the role of those genes in fundamental biology or diagnosis of nephrosis.