Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are membraneless cytoplasmic assemblies regulating mRNAs under environmental stress such as viral infections, neurological disorders, or cancer. Upon antigen stimulation, T lymphocytes mediate their immune functions under regulatory mechanisms involving SGs and PBs. However, the impact of T cell activation on such complexes, in term of formation, constitution and relationship remains unknown. Here, by combining proteomic, transcriptomic and immunofluorescence approaches, we simultaneously characterized the SGs and PBs from primary human T lymphocytes pre- and post-stimulation. The proteomes and transcriptomes of SGs and PBs were identified, unveiling an unanticipated molecular and functional complementarity. Notwithstanding, these granules keep distinct spatial organizations and abilities to interact with mRNAs. This comprehensive characterization of the RNP granule proteomic and transcriptomic landscapes provides a unique resource for future investigations on SGs and PBs in T lymphocytes.