Microglia activation is a key modulator of brain vulnerability in response to intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). However, the consequences of IUGR on microglia development and on microglia proteome are still unknown. We used a model of IUGR induced by a gestational low-protein diet (LPD) in rat. Microglia were isolated from control and LPD animals at P1 and P4. The aim of this work was characterize the consequence of IUGR on microglia development and investigate the consequences of IUGR exposure on microglia proteome during the first postnatal days using a bioinformatics approach associated with functional assays.