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PXD027613

PXD027613 is an original dataset announced via ProteomeXchange.

Dataset Summary
TitlePaleofeces Analysis from Iron Age Hallstatt Salt Miners
DescriptionPaleofeces are an important source of information to study the evolution of dietary habits and human health. The UNESCO World Heritage region of Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut is one of Europe’s oldest cultural and industrial landscapes; its underground salt mines dating back at least to the 14th century BC are one of the few archaeological sites where paleofeces are well preserved. The high salt concentrations and the constant annual temperature at around 8°C inside the isolated Hallstatt mines have perfectly preserved organic archaeological artefacts (e.g. paleofeces, clothing, mining tools) that provide unique insights into the daily life of a progressive community in Hallstatt. Here we subjected human paleofeces dated from the Bronze Age to early Modern Times to an in-depth microscopic, metagenomic and proteomic analysis. This allowed us to reconstruct the diet of the former population and gain insights into their ancient gut microbiome composition. Our dietary survey identified bran and glumes of different cereals as one of the most prevalent plant fragments. This highly fibrous, carbohydrate-rich diet was supplemented with proteins from broad beans and occasionally with fruits, nuts, or animal food. Linked to these traditional dietary habits all ancient miners up to the early Modern times have gut microbiome structures akin to modern non-Westernized individuals which may indicate a shift in the gut community composition of modern Westernized populations due to quite recent dietary and lifestyle changes. When we extended our microbial survey to fungi present in the paleofeces, we observed in one of the Iron Age samples a high abundance of Penicillium roqueforti and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. Genome-wide analysis indicates that both fungi were involved in food fermentation and provide the first molecular evidence for blue cheese and beer consumption during Iron Age Europe.
HostingRepositoryPRIDE
AnnounceDate2021-11-02
AnnouncementXMLSubmission_2021-11-02_04:51:32.969.xml
DigitalObjectIdentifier
ReviewLevelPeer-reviewed dataset
DatasetOriginOriginal dataset
RepositorySupportUnsupported dataset by repository
PrimarySubmitterMichael Hoopmann
SpeciesList scientific name: Homo sapiens (Human); NCBI TaxID: 9606;
ModificationListmonohydroxylated residue; deamidated residue
InstrumentOrbitrap Eclipse
Dataset History
RevisionDatetimeStatusChangeLog Entry
02021-07-27 22:49:22ID requested
12021-11-02 04:51:33announced
Publication List
Dataset with its publication pending
Keyword List
submitter keyword: Human, feces, paleofeces, Hallstatt, iron age, salt mine, ancient
Contact List
Robert L. Moritz
contact affiliationInstitute for Systems Biology
contact emailrobert.moritz@systemsbiology.org
lab head
Michael Hoopmann
contact affiliationInstitute for Systems Biology
contact emailmichael.hoopmann@systemsbiology.org
dataset submitter
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Dataset FTP location
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