Proximity labeling provides a powerful in vivo tool to characterize the proteome of subcellular structures and the interactome of specific proteins. Using the highly active biotin ligase TurboID, we optimize a proximity labeling protocol for C. elegans. We use this protocol to characterise the proteomes of the worm’s gut, muscle, skin, and nervous system. We express TurboID exclusively in the pair of AFD neurons and show we can identify known and previously unknown proteins expressed selectively in AFD. We knock TurboID into the endogenous elks-1 gene, which encodes a presynaptic active zone protein. We identify many known ELKS-1 interacting proteins as well as previously uncharacterised synaptic proteins. Versatile vectors, and the inherent advantage of C. elegans for biochemistry, make proximity labeling a valuable addition to the nematode’s armory.