In this project, comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis was performed to explore sophisticated responsive networks of foxtail millet varieties of An04 and Yugu2 under salinity. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based (iTRAQ) and tandem mass tags-based (TMTs) quantitative proteomics approaches were used. In total, 10366 sites corresponding to 2862 proteins were detected and quantified. There were 759 and 990 sites corresponding to 484 and 633 proteins identified under salinity in An04 and Yugu2, respectively, and 1264 and 1131 phosphorylation sites corresponding to 789 and 731 proteins were identified between these two varieties before and after salt stress, respectively.