As an important perennial warm-season turfgrass species, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) form underground-growing rhizomes and aboveground-growing stolons simultaneously, making it a fast propagating clonal plant with strong regeneration ability. However, the intrinsic difference between the two types of specialized stems are still uncharacterized, especially at the molecular level. In the current study, we compared the internode proteomes of rhizomes and stolons at the same developmental stage in the bermudagrass cultivar Yangjiang using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). The results indicated that 228 protein species were differentially accumulated in the two specialized stems. These DAPs comprise complex protein networks to finely regulate diverse cellular activities in the two types of specialized stems. Notably, photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly regulated in stolons, whereas sucrose and starch metabolism were significantly regulated in rhizomes.