The study focuses on an extensive biochemical fractionation with in-depth quantitative mass spectrometric profiling in the mitochondrial (mt) extracts of cultured human NTera2 embryonal carcinoma stem cells (i.e. ECSCs or undifferentiated state) and upon exposure to retinoic acid-induced differentiated neurons (DNs) to establish a network of high-quality mt protein-protein interactions. The resulting network showed that most of the native mt protein complexes with predicted subunits are previously unreported and endured extensive changes during neuronal differentiation and influence neuronal function and neurodegenerative disorder attributes.