Genes controlling differences in seed longevity between two barley (Hordeum vulgare) accessions were identified by combining a quantitative genetics approach with ˈomicsˈ technologies in Near Isogenic Lines (NILs). The NILs were derived from crosses between the spring barley landraces L94 from Ethiopia and Cebada Capa from Argentina, which produce short-lived and long-lived seeds, respectively. The NILs harbor introgressions from Cebada Capa in four QTLs for seed longevity on 1H and 2H in the background of L94. A label-free proteome analysis was performed on mature, non aged seeds of the two parental lines and the L94 NILs.