Troxerutin (TXR), a potent antioxidant compound shows anti-inflammatory activity and possesses hepatoprotective effect. In this study, we aimed to exploit its anti-arthritic properties using adjuvant induced arthritic model. Using relative quantitative proteomics approach, we also tried to understand the mode of action of TXR at mechanistic details and its possible usage in the treatment of arthritis. Results provide a set of candidate biomarkers for responses to TXR in the arthritis and suggest new modalities of anti-arthritic activities. A number proteins were identified from the joint homogenates of the experimental rats using isobaric tag for relative and quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ) method. The detailed study and validation of these proteins involved may be useful in finding out newer treatment modalities.