In this study, we generated a quantitative lung tissue proteome dataset from lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues by using iTRAQ labeling combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS. Based on pathway and network analyses, protein expression profiles released in the public Human Protein Atlas database, literature search and novelty, six candidates were selected for validation via immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. Additionally, the clinical and biological significance of two novel candidates, ERO1L and NARS, was further analyzed. Collectively, our results provide a useful biomarker dataset for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis/prognosis and provide new insights into ERO1L- and NARS- mediated tumorigenesis.